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A closed-loop, time-optimal path-following control scheme is proposed for a class of constrained differentially flat systems. Within a receding horizon framework, a finite horizon optimisation problem is solved at each sample, using available state feedback and feedforward path information. Irrespective of horizon length, the proposed formulation guarantees exact path-following. Moreover, the requirements under which the proposed algorithm achieves minimum-time path-following are established. Simulations conducted with a rigid X–Y table model confirm the theoretical results. 相似文献
33.
This paper provides a unified approach for the optimization of measurements placements employed for power system online monitoring through state estimation. The proposed methodology, which can be suitable for the mixed measure system, preserves state estimation observability and bad-data processing capability by employing numerical algorithms for observability checking, critical measurements and critical couple identification. First, node injection radix measurements and measurement categories are defined. According to the above definitions, the coefficient matrix can be solved. The analysis on the column vectors of the coefficient matrix can determine each measurement classification. Furthermore, the numbers of each measurement class contains can determine bad-data processing capability. The observability can be checked by the type number of measurements. The proposed method is illustrated with the IEEE39-bus system and the IEEE118-bus system. Results from the case studies are presented to demonstrate that the approach adequately fulfills the desired properties related to observability, bad-data processing, cost, and robustness. 相似文献
34.
Wind power has emerged as the most promising option for providing sustainable eco-friendly power supply to the modern world. Due to its unpredictable nature, integration of wind power into the conventional power grid is a very challenging task having dynamic characteristics. Due to the inherent uncertainty associated with wind availability, additional spinning reserve needs to be scheduled in order to maintain security and supply reliability. Multi-period multi-objective optimal dispatch (MPMOOD) is presented for wind integrated power system with reserve constraints. The complex relationship between wind power availability, spinning reserve allocation and their impact on economic/environmental cost are analysed using an elaborate model.A new multi-objective Series PSO-DE (SPSO-DE) hybrid algorithm is proposed where the two paradigms, differential evolution (DE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) share domain information and maintain a synergistic cooperation to overcome their individual weaknesses. For multi-objective (MO) problems, the selection operation in SPSO-DE is replaced by a 5-class time-varying fuzzy selection mechanism (TVFSM) to avoid saturation and to increase Pareto diversity. To promote convergence towards the central part of the Pareto front and to quickly isolate the boundary solutions, Guassian membership function is employed. Elitism is applied to preserve good solutions and momentum operation is used to stop premature convergence. The proposed method expedites the search for the best solution, i.e. the solution which satisfies all the objectives of the MO problems. To test the performance and computational efficiency, the proposed method is applied on two standard test power systems. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(2):1157-1171
Tracking control of oxygen excess ratio (OER) is crucial for dynamic performance and operating efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). OER tracking errors and overshoots under dynamic load limit the PEMFC output power performance, and also could lead oxygen starvation which seriously affect the life of PEMFC. To solve this problem, an adaptive sliding mode observer based near-optimal OER tracking control approach is proposed in this paper. According to real time load demand, a dynamic OER optimization strategy is designed to obtain an optimal OER. A nonlinear system model based near-optimal controller is designed to minimize the OER tracking error under variable operation condition of PEMFC. An adaptive sliding mode observer is utilized to estimate the uncertain parameters of the PEMFC air supply system and update parameters in near-optimal controller. The proposed control approach is implemented in OER tracking experiments based on air supply system of a 5 kW PEMFC test platform. The experiment results are analyzed and demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed control approach under load changes, external disturbances and parameter uncertainties of PEFMC system. 相似文献
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基于质量守恒、能量守恒定律,建立了内热型超声雾化溶液再生系统(IH-UARS)的再生性能预测模型并进行了充分的实验验证,通过研究不同内热量下IH-UARS的再生性能及其变化规律,寻求系统所需的最佳内热量并明确其可能的影响因素。结果表明:IH-UARS系统存在最优的内热量范围,使其再生系统性能最佳;所需最优内热量随着再生溶液流量增大呈显著的对数增长,但受空气流量的影响较弱;在该研究中的标准工况下,IH-UARS所需最优内热量约为275~350 W。此外研究发现:内热量的增长有益于促进初始浓度较高的溶液进一步浓缩再生,如当IH-UARS中内热量增至800 W时,其初始浓度为36%的溶液比24%的溶液浓度增量指标改善幅度高37%。研究所得结果可对提高溶液再生性能及经济性提供积极参考。 相似文献
40.
Viorel Badescu 《国际能源研究杂志》2020,44(7):5360-5384
The design and steady-state operation of a packed bed reactor with tubular geometry is optimized. Direct optimal control methods are used. Two objective functions are considered: (i) minimization of the ammonia mass fraction at reactor outlet and (ii) minimization of the heat flux necessary to reach a predefined value of the ammonia mass fraction at reactor outlet. The optimization process is performed by using different controls, that is, the space distributions of (1) tube wall temperature Tw , (2) circular tube diameter Dtube , and (3) diameter dp of the catalyst spherical particles. Results for the first objective function are as follows. The optimal distribution of Tw along the reactor consists of a constant temperature or a U-shaped space temperature distribution, respectively, depending on the allowed range of variation of Tw . The optimal space distribution of Dtube (or, in other words, the shape of the reactor tube) depends of Tw . For smaller values of Tw the tube is narrower at inlet and larger at outlet while the reverse situation happens for larger values of Tw . For lower Tw values, particles with smaller diameter dp are placed at reactor inlet while when higher values of Tw are considered, particles with larger dp are placed at reactor inlet. When both Dtube and dp are used as controls, the optimization results are generally different from the results obtained from one-control optimization. Results for the second objective function are as follows. The optimal space distribution of Tw starts with high values at reactor inlet. Next, the temperature decreases abruptly towards a minimum (which is lower for longer tubes). Finally, the temperature increases smoothly towards a maximum near the reactor outlet. The required heat flux slightly decreases by increasing the tube length. The optimal Dtube ranges between its maximum allowed value (at reactor inlet) and its minimum allowed value (at reactor outlet). The best performance is obtained for catalyst particles of the smallest allowed diameter. 相似文献